European Council-Presidency , agriculture policy , political science , environmental policy,

Ever since the concept of sustainable development was first discussed, the inherent logic has been as apparent as the need for a concrete definition. One definition of sustainability is provided by the Brundtland report from 1987 stating that; "a sus...

decision-making , political science,

[W]e present two multi-dimensional models of coalition-formation which are closely related. Both models predict policy outcomes and the winning coalitions that are associated with these outcomes. The basic idea of the two models is that distances bet...

economics , European Central Bank , monetary policy,

I will confine myself to institutional aspects concerning the design of the ESCB, to questions with regard to an appropriate political counterweight to the ECB, and to the relationship between the ESCB and the political decision-making body ECOFIN (or its sub-body Euro 11).

intergovernmentalism , internationalism , history , federalism,

The paper argues that there is a new form of liberal internationalism developing in France in the years after the First World War. This new liberalism, whilst emphasising economic prosperity, introduces international solidarity as a key concept. It i...

transport policy , political science,

Member states have been notoriously reluctant to relinquish powers to the EU in the field of transport in general, and air transport in particular. The close link between many national carriers and their state, the symbolic importance of a "flag carr...

EU studies , EU-South-Eastern Europe,

This paper reasons that in a global environment there is so increasing need to assess the relevance of constructivist approaches to teaching about European integration. By drawing on literature and constructivist learning environments, its analysis f...

Italy , economics , France , currency , enlargement , Germany , U.K. , EMU , Euro,

This study tries to find which EU member states and candidate countries can sustain a currency link. I use Bayoumi and Eichengreen’s procedure of two-step least squares cross-section regression analysis for estimating exchange rate variation among 26...

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agriculture policy , political science , environmental policy,

The European Farmers Coordination represents today 17 farmers’ organisations from 11 countries in Europe, from the EU or outside. The CPE is based in Brussels. We have been questioning the over-intensification of agriculture from 20 years. BSE: nev...

economic policy , economics , europeanization , globalization , U.K. , EMU , Euro , financial markets , political economy,

Being the only economic sector singled out for special treatment in the five tests set by UK Chancellor of Exchequer to evaluate the UK’s euro membership, the interest of the City of London (the shorthand of UK financial services industry) and its at...

U.K. , Germany , social policy , political science , welfare state,

[Introduction]. The welfare state represents one of the major integrative arrangements of modern democracies. It has an important impact on the redistribution of wealth and the structure of inequality. In some respects, the welfare state helped to h...

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governance,

EU-US , U.K. , political science,

Even though European and US approaches to international relations were distinguished during the Cold War, those divergences magnified after the Cold War, in turn raising questions if the attention should continue to be on systemic influences or power...

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[From the Introduction]. The Edinburgh European Council in December 1992 and the Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on procedures for implementing the subsidiarity principle require Commission...

Ireland , EMU , economics,

This paper addresses the question of how Ireland entered European Monetary regime and sustained its membership since 1979. In contrast Britain, with which Ireland had been engaged in a de facto currency union over a century, chose to stay outside. Th...

agriculture policy , Greece,

In the following presentation I will first try to describe the current state of biological agriculture in Greece, and secondly to estimate the constraints and opportunities it faces as an alternative mode of production/consumption in the framework of contemporary EU rural development policies.

intergovernmentalism , history , supranationalism , federalism , political science,

[From the Introduction]. Since the beginning of the European Union a number of scientists and politicians discuss about what the EU in the practice really means. Is it an international regime or either a federal state? In the opinion of some of them...

U.K. , regulatory politics , economics , France , Germany , regulations,

This paper tackles a topic of interdisciplinary interest and current policy importance in countries around the world: the regulation of safe efficacious and quality medical devices for use in patient care. Regulation in the field is thirty years behi...

comparative public policy , asylum policy , Dublin asylum convention , immigration policy , europeanization , harmonization , Schengen , security/internal , international relations , political science , Yugoslavia (former) , Third Pillar , policy coordination , Schengen , governance,

International burden-sharing, i.e. the question how costs of common initiatives or the provision of public goods should be shared between states raises two important questions. First, the question of motivation. How do we explain calls for burden-s...

sociological institutionalism , ideas , institutional isomorphism theory , political science , diversity/homogeneity,

A great deal has been written about the workings of central banks in the modern international financial system but we do not know much about how and under which circumstances the central bank as a public institution has spread across the globe. Class...

asylum policy , immigration policy , political science,

Traditionally, "negative integration" has prevailed in EU migration policy, namely the market-enhancing encouragement of internal migration. By contrast, "active integration" efforts to create a common asylum and immigration policy (CAIP) have made f...

U.K. , France , Czech Republic , Germany , European citizenship , political science , political culture,

[Introduction]. Object of the paper - European citizenship is rather new phenomenon in European legal order, being introduced by the Maastricht Treaty and modified by Amsterdam Treaty. Albeit not playing extremely important role in lives of European...

EMU , economics,

Limitations of space prevent a full demonstration of the large extent to which the decision making bodies of the European Central Bank derived from counterparts organized in the last years of the Committee of Governors and its auxiliary bodies. Inste...

access to documents , transparency , political science,

In this memorandum, we comment on the Commission’s draft regulation (Com(2000)30 final) on public access to documents under article 255 of the Amsterdam Treaty, which provides that: 1. Any citizen of the Union, and any natural or legal person residi...

economics , political science , governance,

This paper provides an alternative explanatory framework based on the power of ideas in determining the forms of governance at different institutional levels within the EU. I argue that the institutional level at which authority over the economy is c...

security/internal , comitology , political science , governance,

Based upon completed research into the way the Council committees operate in five first-pillar policy sectors and an ongoing study of their counterparts in the field of internal security, this paper sets out to tackle two wider issues for studies of ...

immigration policy , Third Pillar , political science , security/external,

The current asylum and migration debate in the European Union is distinguished by the growing importance of somehow integrating asylum and migration issues into the Union s relations with third countries. The external dimension of asylum and migratio...

participation , European elections , U.K. , minorities , Germany , European citizenship , political science , governance,

[From the Introduction]. The idea of good governance is becoming the latest buzz-word to cast its shadow over the operational nature of domestic and international politics. Within that shadow is the need to ensure the opportunity to participate. The...

legitimacy , democracy , democratic deficit , political science,

This paper seeks to explain the apparent lack of progress in the debate about democracy in the European Union. It will be argued that a number of different paradigms exist within the literature that are failing to communicate effectively with each ot...

regionalism, international , economics , regional development , economic growth , EU-Mediterranean , political science , Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) , democracy,

No abstract.

European elections , institutions , European Parliament , multilevel governance , national interest , political science , legitimacy , accountability , agenda-setting , legislative procedure , EU Institutions , democracy , democratization , MEPs , national parliaments , governance,

Enhancing democratic legitimacy in the multilevel European polity is an important challenge. The results of eurobarometer, the outcome of referenda on EU-related topics, demonstrations at European summits etc.: they all show a weakening of the legiti...

structural funds , regional policy , European Commission , political science,

This paper explores the contrasting hypotheses of the two theories about the preferences and tactics of the member states and the Commission during the initiation, negotiation and implementation of the 1999 structural funds reform; the relationship b...

agriculture policy , Austria,

Austria always was on the forefront of countries concerning the development of the organic farming. Pioneer farmers developed together with Rudolf Steiner, scientist and founder of anthroposophy, the organic-dynamic production between 1920 and 1930. ...

European Parliament , comitology , political science,

From the Single European Act to the Amsterdam Treaty, successive IGCs led to a continuous increase in the European Parliament s (EP s) powers. In the Nice Treaty, little further progress was made for the Parliament. Have the EP s powers now reached...

OECD , fundamental/human rights , asylum policy , Dublin asylum convention , immigration policy , Schengen , security/internal , international relations , political science , Third Pillar , Schengen,

Public policy making on asylum takes place in an environment of intense public scrutiny, strong institutional constraints and international collective action problems. By assessing the relative importance of key pull factors of international migrati...

economics , European Central Bank , employment policy , economic growth , unemployment , labour,

This paper reviews the accumulated theory and evidence on the sources of European underperformance in terms of economic growth and unemployment. It takes the view that the main problem lies with labor market institutions, ranging from negotiation str...

governance,

economics , employment policy , economic growth , unemployment,

Nowadays, the long-standing relationship between effective demand and unemployment seems to be fading into oblivion. Economic policies designed to boost the components of effective demand are conspicuous by their absence in nearly all European econom...

decision-making , policy-making , political science,

[This paper] reviews some of the most crucial stumbling blocks that the EU faces in its efforts to conduct efficient and effective policymaking in the EU, contrasts them with available data on efficiency and effectiveness in EU policymaking, and argu...

Ireland , economics , employment policy , governance,

This paper examines how sovereignty is being reconfigured in the Irish political economy. The constitutive features of the "Celtic Tiger" are characterized as: (a) a strategically "competitive nationalism" focused on maximizing foreign direct investm...

EMU , economics,

Like so many aspects of the European project, the sheer uniqueness of European Monetary Union can often make proper comparative analysis seem difficult and even strained. It seems in so many different ways to mark out uncharted territory. After all, ...

EU-South-Eastern Europe , economics , EU-East-Central Europe , EU-Baltics , political science , budgetary procedure , agriculture policy,

This paper examines the political aspects of the EU s budget and enlargement process, using frequently asked questions as guidelines, in order to see the effects of the EU s enlargement on its budget. It looks at the costs (both political and economi...

decision-making , political science , U.K. , governance , environmental policy,

Currently the European Union (EU) consists of fifteen member states that exhibit an array of political and constitutional systems, ranging from unitary to the fully federal. Among the EU member states, the United Kingdom (UK) has traditionally been ...

U.K. , political parties , regional policy , Spain , political science,

The following examines the extent to which EU institutions and policies have affected resource distribution between center and periphery with member states. As resource distribution changes, so does the politicization of regional nationalist parties....

EU-US , transatlantic relations , political science,

This paper takes a somewhat different view about where European security cooperation and the transatlantic relationship are going. We observe that, in responding to widely recognized changes in the security environment, the EU and its member states ...

Cyprus , EU-Mediterranean , political science , Turkey , Greece,

No abstract.

political parties , political science,

The parties that have adopted principled or contingent positions opposed to participation in European integration span most of the political spectrum. Yet even a cursory glance at the European scene reveals that the mainstream center-left and right p...

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transport policy , competition policy , law , political science,

Market competition has always been a central goal of European integration. The European Commission claims that its competition policy benefits the lives of European Union (FU) citizens. Yet the EU citizen is poorly equipped to engage EU institutions ...

Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) , EU-Mediterranean , political science,

This article claims that within the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the Union mainly assumes the role of civilian power. Sometimes it also has to assume the political power role and becomes influential by using the attraction of ful...

structural funds , regional policy , europeanization , political science,

This paper is a preliminary report on a research project concerning the reshaping of territorial representation in Southern Europe that has been brought about by the ongoing process of Europeanization. The first two sections provide a definition of t...

fiscal policy , Portugal , EMU , Italy , economics , France , Germany,

Since the spring of 2002, there has been renewed debate and discussion regarding the value and pertinence of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) of the European Monetary Union (EMU). This debate arose because Germany and Portugal have breached the re...

fiscal policy , subsidiarity , economics , economic growth,

The paper considers the issue of whether a supranational fiscal policy in Europe is needed, and, if so what responsibilities it should undertake. The literature on endogenous growth and the principle of subsidiarity suggest that such a policy should ...

European citizenship , political science,

This paper seeks to integrate the study of citizenship into the main theoretical and substantive debates within the field of comparative politics, by means of an empirical study about how and why citizenship policies vary across the countries of the ...

political science , political culture , EU Institutions,

Putnam s theory "two-level games" has spawned numerous studies examining the interaction between international and domestic politics, many focusing on politics in the European Union. While noting that ratification may be formal or informal, much of t...

industrial policy , economics,

Can a supranational organization structured to break down barriers to the development of a unified internal market prove sufficiently adaptable to selectively protect market sectors from competitive advantages of global market competitors? Has the Eu...

EU-Africa, sub-Saharan , political science,

We will argue in this paper that there are a number of forces impacting upon the longstanding ACP-EU relationship that are altering the nature of the relationship in a fundamental way. The new agreement is in a reality both a product of and an impetu...

europeanization , enlargement , political science,

This paper analyzes EU enlargement to explore the impact of membership in the European Union on nation states. Due to the relatively rapid process of adjustment to the demands of membership specified by the acquis communautare, the current wave of en...

gender policy , economics , Germany , political science , welfare state , environmental policy,

In this paper then, I combine the insights from the feminist welfare state literature, feminist IR literatures and Women In Development (WID) literature, in order to develop the notion of agricultural gender regimes. I take these literatures, to make...

U.K. , economics , employment policy , Germany,

It takes a considerable time for employment policy to affect employment performance and even longer to verify it. Thus the European Employment Strategy (EES) is still too young for a definitive assessment of its impact on employment performance. This...

gender policy , UN , Germany , political science , development policy,

This paper begins with a few reflections as to why most international peace-keeping missions have consistently failed since the miraculously peaceful fall of the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain, 1989/90. I briefly review the concept of gender mainst...

EU-US , RTD policy , economics , transatlantic relations,

This [paper] contends that collective support for high technology development largely depends on variation in relative economic and industrial competitiveness and that it better explains behavior and strategies for satellite navigation and wireless I...

Slovakia , EU-East-Central Europe , Czech Republic , enlargement , political science , governance , Poland , Hungary,

[Introduction]. One of the key issues of governance of European Union is relationship between its governance and its boundaries in broad sense adopted by Friis and Murphy, who distinguish (after Smith 1996) four types of EU boundary; geopolitical, i...

fiscal policy , economics , economic growth,

This paper discusses some of the recent developments in growth theory, doing so from the perspective of a small open economy. After setting out a basic generic model, we show how it may yield two of the key models that have played a prominent role in...

U.K. , Netherlands , Germany , political science , environmental policy , Austria,

This paper examines how "new" environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) have spread within the European Union (EU) members rates and how the EU structure shapes the adoption of these instruments. The paper utilizes the policy learning and policy trans...

Belgium , public administration , role conceptions , administrative adaptation , europeanization , supranationalism , federalism , socialization , Council of Ministers , Sweden,

Most studies of the EU and its member-states are concerned with how processes of European integration "hit" the member-states. This paper shifts emphasis from this "top-down" towards a "bottom-up" approach and asks whether and how differences in dome...

European identity , europeanization , political science,

Prior research on citizen support for European integration has primarily focused on individuals evaluations of the process of integration or its institutions, with emphasis on the importance of direct benefits and costs integration can confer. These...

immigration policy , policy-making , economics , public policy , political science , Greece , policy analysis , diversity/homogeneity , governance,

This paper is essentially an account of immigration and policy response in Greece. Is Greece a paradigm for the southern European experience? This is a difficult issue, needing serious exploration, and only a superficial answer can be provided here. ...

legitimacy , democracy , enlargement , political science,

This paper looks briefly at the impact on the democracies of the applicant states of their incorporation into the European Union, before moving onto the effect of enlargement upon the democratic processes within the EU itself. Finally, it addresses t...

Finland , social policy , political science , governance,

My current research examines the use of the ever more common evaluations as an instrument of governance in the European Union. In this paper I argue that the mere refining of evaluation methodology will never suffice to dispose of the fact that whene...

institutions , political science , welfare state,

This paper attempts to shed light on the controversy about the effect of EMU on welfare state reforms in Europe. So far, hypothesis testing through quantitative cross-national studies of welfare reform outcomes has been unable to separate out the eff...

Germany , regulation , political science , regulations , Single Market,

[From the Introduction]. A Single Market? It has often been argued that variations in market regulation in the member countries of the EU continue to be formidable obstacles to European financial market integration (Lamfalussy, 2000). The question ...

Internet , security/internal , new technologies , political science , information technology policy , innovation policy , telecommunication policy , competition policy,

This paper studies the effects of market competition and intellectual property protection in emerging technologies such as software. In doing so, this research aims at contributing to the ongoing discussion on the possibility of broadening the scope ...

history , political science , integration theory,

In this introduction, we want to first make the case for the relevance of theory when studying European integration, which will be our concern in the remainder of this first section. In section two we then proceed to give a broad overview of the phas...

EU-North Africa/Maghreb , Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) , EU-Middle East , EU-Mediterranean , political science,

[From the Introduction]. The whole....gives an ongoing and dynamic analysis of the process of Euro-Mediterranean Integration. Through these studies, it is possible to discern the dynamics and the fruits of Pan-Euro-Mediterranean integration in process, institutional and substantive terms.

economics , enlargement , political science,

No abstract.

economics , transparency , European Central Bank , EMU , accountability,

Rightly or wrongly the ECB is widely perceived as in-transparent. Our analysis suggests that on formal criteria the ECB is more transparent and accountable than most other central banks. What could be done to improve the transparency of the ECB? Th...

participation , EU Institutions , political science , governance,

This paper argues that the EU is becoming more like a national state, because the latter are adopting many of the practices of governance which the White Paper on European Governance proposed in its report. These involve changes to the citizenship re...

regionalism, international , economics , transatlantic relations , international trade,

There are currently several expectations around NAFTA that clearly foresee something beyond a simple FTA. Moreover, there are analytical exercises in a comparative perspective with the European Union (EU) that confer the benefit of the doubt to the i...

European identity , CFSP/CESDP , European citizenship , political science , security/external,

Ever since the conclusions of the European Councils of Cologne and Helsinki – in other words: ever since the watershed event of the war in Kosovo in spring 1999 – the issue of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and even a Common European P...

RTD policy , economics , new technologies , knowledge , economic growth,

In this paper we present an international comparison of growth trends with special attention given to developments in labour productivity, allowing for human capital accumulation, and multifactor productivity (MFP), allowing for changes in the compos...

immigration policy , Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) , EU-Mediterranean , political science,

No abstract.

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No abstract.

economics , political science,

No abstract.

Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) , EU-Mediterranean , political science , security/external,

No abstract.

economics , competition policy,

No abstract.

legitimacy , law , European Court of Justice,

Some preliminary and rather superficial observations may ... for the time being, corroborate the impression that legislatures, despite being the branch of government designed to represent the will of the sovereign people, are in general less popular ...

common commercial policy , EU-Mediterranean,

No abstract.

Portugal , EU-South-Eastern Europe , EU-East-Central Europe , enlargement , Spain , political science,

The purpose of this paper is to use the integration of Spain and Portugal into the European Union as an opportunity to reflect on what has happened to both countries since 1986 and to draw some lessons that may be applicable to East European countrie...

EU-Middle East , France , Spain , political science , Turkey,

The layout of the paper is as follows. First, a background will be provided on the reasons why ethnic conflicts spread from one country to another in the first place. This, of course, creates not only a regional problem, but also threatens the overal...

enlargement , Germany , political science , Turkey,

[From the Introduction]. 1. Introduction - interpreting this paper. Does Turkey belong to Europe? This question has frequently been asked in the debates about a possible EU-membership of Turkey, from the early days of European integration until tod...

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institutions , RTD policy , political science,

This paper argues that flexible integration may even strengthen and promote the deepening of the Union. In so doing, it categorizes the theories of flexible integration and analyzes how the current Treaty of the European Union deals with the issue of...

agriculture policy , political science , environmental policy,

The development of policy relevant indicators is important if future environment oriented expenditure within agricultural policy is to achieve value for money. Appropriate agri-environmental indicators can be useful in improving transparency, account...

history , Czech Republic , enlargement , Germany,

[Thesis]. The long-lasting domination of German culture in Czech history, the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II and the new dimension of Czech Republic citizenship after 1993 all represent sources for deeply rooted sceptici...

agriculture policy , political science , regulations,

This paper examines the extent to which soft law and soft policy instruments are used within the Common Fisheries Policy (CF) and considers whether it is useful as a concept for understanding evolving forms of regulation within the sector. The CFP i...

political science , governance , regulations,

[T]his [paper] has two objectives. First, it is our aim to structure the complex picture of different modes of EU regulation. To arrive at a differentiated picture of the EU regulatory state, we develop a typology of different modes of European regul...

EMU , economics , monetary policy , economic growth,

This paper discusses possible links between monetary arrangements in particular monetary union and economic growth. It is stressed that growth depends ultimately on how the real economy works: there is no monetary magic that can conjure up growth. Bu...

regionalism, international , economics , employment policy , labour,

The elections of George W Bush and Vincente Fox led to a US.-Mexico migration policy initiative which faltered shortly before ... September 11, 2001. Since then, the Bush Administration has reiterated its intent to honor commitments made, but the pre...